Page One of Grandpas book

As a boy, I was told by my father (Charles Brothers Trewolla) and grandmother Trewolla (Marry Elizabeth nee Harrison) that my grandfather (William Boase Trewolla) came to America from the town of Truro, in Cornwall County, England, at the age of 5. And that his father, John Courtenay Trewolla was a tailor. Except for this, and a few incidents that were retold many times regarding the journey in the ship, I learned very little about the family until 1932 or 33, when my father gave me the few old papers and books (including two diaries) that were in the Harrison desk in the old home in Kentucky. In 1934 my Aunt Mary (Trewolla) Holland gave me a book that had belonged to her aunt, Mrs. Betty (Trewolla) Fortson. In which, Aunt Mary had placed a copy of a letter that Betty Fortson had written in 1887. It contained the names of Trewollas and their wives for four generations. It also contains the dates of the deaths, and the ages, of Betty Fortson and her brothers and sisters.
In 1934 I discovered a book in the Carnegie Library at Pittsburgh that contained a genealogy chart of Trewolla’s who lived in Cornwall County, Eng., from about 1420 to 1620. The next year, while in Washington, D. C., I located five distant Trewolla cousins, a man and four women, who were children of Samuel P. Trewolla. One of these, Mrs. Garrett (Annie Virginia nee Trewolla), later gave me a detailed record of that branch of the family. The same year I learned, through my cousin William Trewolla of Winona, Mississippi, of Trewollas living at Greenwood and at Macel, Mississippi and by corresponding with those at Macel I procured a complete record of this Mississippi group.
From 1936 to 1957 I added a few items to this file of papers, but I was busy and seemed to find very little time to work with them. During an illness I had in January 1957, I read through the file and began some more research. In Chicago I discovered the Newberry Library, a wonderful research library that contains thousands of rare books, especially on history and genealogy, among which are many dealing with Cornwall County, Eng. Learning that a good many Trewollas had lived at a village called Gwennap, I wrote to the vicar of the Church of England there, and got a friendly reply from him, Rev. M. C. Browning. He has helped me to contact other people in Cornwall, and I am about to complete filling in the gap of missing information to make the line complete. From this long series of events, together with my reading a good bit of English History, has come the information contained in the following notes.
THE OLDEST RECORD OF THE NAME TREWOLLA AND SIMILAR CORNISH NAMES
This oldest record of our name, or of names very similar in spelling, was written in the year 1086 A. D., and it is still preserved. At that early date, the names were identified with Cornwall County, Eng. This old record is known as the DOMESDAY BOOK, one of the most important historical documents in all England. It is in two volumes, now in the British Royal Archives. It is a "geld book", geld meaning "tax". It contains a detailed assessment of all the land in England in 1086 that was valuable for farming, and of the livestock and plows, and the freemen, tenants and serfs (slaves) living on the land. The smaller volume, "Little Domesday", covers five counties of England, and "Great Domesday" the remaining 16 counties.
Domesday Book was made by order of William the Conqueror, (the Norman who had invaded and overrun England and made himself King), so that he could impose a king's tax on all property. The land was assessed in units called "hides", a hide being 120 acres (sometimes less), which was the amount of land that one man with one team (8 oxen and a plow) could cultivate. Each "manor" was listed separately, - a manor being an estate of 3 or 4 hides or larger, under the con¬trol of an earl or lord. In Cornwall County in 1086 there were many small manors, whose landlords constituted the "gentry" or middle class. There were few very large manors owned by wealthy families or by the Church (then the Catholic Church). There were not a large number of "gent", or lords of manors in Cornwall.
Domesday Book got its name from the fact that it became the "court of last appeal" in England in disputes as to ownership of lands. Decisions based on information in it were "as final as Domesday".
CORNWALL SECTION IN DOMESDAY BOOK AND THE OLD NAMES
The volume called "Great Domesday", containing 760 pages, 10 by 16 inches, is made of vellum or sheepskin, written in double columns in black ink, in the Latin language, and the names of people and places are scored by having a line drawn through the middle of them in red ink. In the 1860s the two volumes of Domesday were reproduced, in lithograph printing, in black and red exactly as in the original and the pages belonging to each county were bound separately. The full set of these rare books is in the Newberry Library in Chicago.
The thin volume on Cornwall County, 10 by 16 inches, contains eleven pages. The proper names of manors, or owners of manors, which are similar to Trewolla, are as follows: on page 4 – TREWILLE; on page 5 - TREWELLE and TREWILLEN; on page 7 – TREWALLEN; and on page 10 - TREWALE. A typical entry, translated, reads this way: "Trewelle holds 7 hides, with 9 teams plus two oxen; 5 freemen, 8 tenants, 2 villains (serfs), meadow for 4-6 sheep, woods for 80 hogs." Horses are rarely mentioned. All plowing seems to have been done with oxen, usually 8 pulling a big plow. Except for fruit and vegetable gardens, the land was planted in wheat, oats, rye and barley. From these were made bread and beer. It is recorded in the Middle Ages, probably 2/5 of all grain produced in England was made into beer or stronger alcohol drinks. Besides bread and beer, the people ate much pork and mutton, as well as poultry, fish and other seafood.

THE CELTS, THE CORNISH AND OLD CORNISH NAMES:
The very old families of Cornwall County are called "Cornishmen". The English have an old sayings "By TRE, POL and PEN you may know the Cornishmen". A very large number of old Cornish names begin with one of these syllables. Trewolla is ob¬viously an old Cornish name. Cornwall (which means "Britons of the horn", allud¬ing to the hornlike shape of this south-west corner of England) was, in very ancient times, occupied by Celts. The Celts were an Aryan race of rugged people who were spread all over Europe in the 3rd and 4th centuries B.C. In the British Isles they came to be called "Britons", whence comes the name of the isles.